The academic circles of Xiao Dehua in Changde City, Hunan Province have been arguing about the location and route of Li Bai's exile Yelang。Finding out whether Li Bai really went to Wuling and wrote the poem "Looking at Papaya Mountain" is an important clue to clarify the location and route of Li Bai's exile Yelang。This article does some analysis to this。
Travel through Wuling for the route node Li Bai was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, but he was exiled by the court because he was involved in the rebellion of Li Lin, the king of Yong。About the time, place and route of Li Bai's exile Yelang，It is generally believed in the academic circles that Li Bai set out from Xunyang (Jiujiang City) in the year 758 of Qianyuan，Via Jiangxia (present-day Wuchang City) to Yuezhou (present-day Yueyang City)，And then continue west to the Three Gorges，Then down south to Yelang (now Tongzi city, Guizhou)。However, there are historical records that Li Bai went to Changde Prefecture in Hunan Province (Wuling County in Tang Dynasty) when he exiled Yelang.。Qing Jiaqing "Changde Fu Zhi School notes" "Mountain test a" cloud: "Papaya mountain, 15 miles east of the house, Tang Li Bai Zhe Yelang passed this, there are poems。But the marginal note "Tongzhi" denied this: "Taibai Nian music, Qianyuan two years (759) to slander things long flow Yelang, half way Chengen release, rest Yueyang, Jiangxia jiu, such as Xunyang.。Ji its way through, actually not out of Wuling, poetry like Fu Hui。It means that Li Bai exiled Yelang, returned in the middle of the pardon, and after a long rest in Yueyang and Wuchang, returned to Jiujiang。In fact, he did not go to Wuling, and the poem may also be attached to the association。The records of the two historical records are obviously contradictory。However, Qing Jiaqing "Changdefu Annals" is to confirm the matter;"Tongzhi" is only a speculation。The reason is, that is, the exile Yelang, from Xunyang to Jiangxia, and then to Yuezhou, why would they go to Wuling？Because Wuling is at the west end of Dongting Lake, it is wrong to follow the direction of travel。 Hold Li Bai exiled Yelang to Wuling said，To explain the problem，Is there any basis for this story，I am not sure yet) : The destination of Li Bai's exile to Yelang is Xinhuang County, Hunan Province (Tang Zhenguan established Yelang County in five years)，So he crossed the Dongting Lake and the Green Grass Lake to Wuling，After the ship docked，Stay at Papaya Temple under Papaya Mountain。Here, wrote "looking at Papaya mountain" : "Early to see the sunrise, see the birds at night.。Customer heart since sour, the situation of papaya mountain。Borrow the sour papaya, to express their own sour feelings of exile。Li Bai stayed in Papaya Temple for about two or three days. Seeing that this great poet, who had been appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong, was now destitute, the abbot could not help but remind him that Yelang was very desolate, and I was afraid that there would be no room and board。Advised him to first find in Nanping (today's Chongqing area) as Taishou from the younger brother Li Zhiyao, may be able to get some help。Li Bai accepted the abbot's suggestion and abandoned the ship to travel overland north to Jiangling and then west to the Three Gorges。However, his trip to the Three Gorges was in vain。Because from his brother Li Zhiyao at this time, "due to excessive drinking, banished Wuling.。In the second year of Qianyuan (759), the court granted amnesty to the world, and Li Bai, 59, was pardoned in Wushan, very surprised, took a boat to the east, and "a thousand Li Jiangling in a day."。(See Hunan People's Publishing House, "Changdede Mountain Has Virtues", December 2005, 1st edition) This story explains the reason why Li Bai exiled Yelang to Wuling and appeared in Wushan when he was pardoned。 At that time, there were two common routes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to Yelang. One went up the river, passed Jiangxia, Yuezhou, Wushan, turned from the south of Bafu Pass, entered Chishui, and reached Yelang.One is to Yuezhou after entering Dongting, following the Yuanjiang River, through Wuling, Chen Zhou, into the present Guizhou area, north to Yelang。The two routes diverge at Dongting Lake in Yuezhou, and Wuling is an iconic node。If you do not pass Wuling, take the first route, and if you pass Wuling, take the second route。
The poem "Looking at Papaya Mountain" is the evidence The first line mentioned in the previous section has been recognized by most academic circles;So, does a second route exist？Exactly what route Li Bai took？On what basis？This section analyzes this problem, and considers that Li Bai's poem "Wangchaopai Mountain" is an important evidence。 Li Limin of Wuhan University of Technology argued in his Study on Li Bai's Two Exile of Yelang that Li Bai probably suffered two exile experiences: the first time in the second year of Zhde (757) to the spring of Qianyuan (758)，Li Bai took the second route，By way of Dongting, Wuxi into Guizhou;The second time was in the autumn of Qianyuan to the spring of Qianyuan two years (759)，Li Bai took the first route，Follow the Yangtze River west。If this research is established, many entangled problems can be solved, and the reason that Li Bai exiled Yelang to Wuling will be logical, and the statement that Li Bai exiled Yelang to Wu Xia will not conflict with each other。 Li Bai "Smell Wang Changling left to move the dragon mark, remote has this send" cloud: "Yang Hua fell all Zi Zi cry, smell the dragon mark over five streams.。I send sorrow heart and moon, wind until Yelang west。This poem is the proof that there is a route from Xiang into Qian to Yelang。In the seventh year of Tianbao (748), Wang Changling was demoted from Jiangning (now Nanjing City) to Longbian (now Huaihua City, Hunan Province) lieutenant, passing through Wuling, crossing the Wuxi (Xiongxi, Nanxi, Wuxi, Youxi, Chenxi), and going east of the Yuanjiang River。There are poems such as "Leaving Yuan Cheng in Wuling" as proof。Li Bai said "wind until Yelang west", meaning that from this road can reach the west of Yelang。 That is, Wuling can reach Yelang, then, on the grounds that the route is not right, the argument denying that Li Bai has been to Wuling Papaya Mountain cannot be established。Wang Yiquan of Mianyang Normal University said in "Analysis of Li Bai's exile Yelang" : "Looking at Papaya Mountain" this poem can provide strong evidence for Li Bai's visit to Yelang。He said there are three papaya mountain, Changde Fucheng East seven miles for a place, but because of the true line with Li Bai exiled Yelang, can be excluded。He believed that the papaya Mountain was near the papaya Temple in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province。 This reasoning is untenable。Because he's using indirect reasoning。He only proved that Yelang had a papaya temple, but could not prove that there was a papaya mountain。However, Papaya Mountain in Changde Prefecture of Hunan Province is proved by many historical records and related information chains。 Ming "Jiajing unified Annals" cloud: "Papaya mountain in Changde Fucheng east seven, Li Bai Zhe Yelang passed this.。Qing Jiajing "Changdefu Zhi" also cloud: "Papaya mountain.。Fifteen miles east of the house, Tang Li Bai relegated Yelang over this, there are poems。Qing Kangqian scholar Wang Qi annotated "Li Taibai poem" in "looking at papaya mountain" poem cloud: "Unified Annals" : Papaya mountain in Changde Fucheng East seven, Li Bai Zhe Yelang over this, there are poems。Qing Imperial Academy editing, Sichuan study politics He Shaoji also has "Muguashan" poetry cloud: "Lilan Yuan Zhi Xiangjiang bamboo, Chu fragrance forever love。But blame relegated fairy title sentence, the mountain without a papaya born。Because there are historical records and poems of the Ming and Qing dynasties as evidence, modern documents mostly identify the papaya mountain in Li Bai's poems in Changde, Hunan。"Dictionary" (Commercial Press, July 1988, 1st edition) "papaya" article note 3: "The name of the mountain, in the east of Changde County, Hunan。Tang Li Bai "Li Taibai poem" 21 "Looking at papaya mountain" : "Early to see the sunrise, see the birds at night.。Customer heart since sour, the situation of papaya mountain。Chinese Historical Figures Series by Wang Yao, Li Bai (Shanghai People's Publishing House, September 1954, 1st edition, April 1979, 2nd edition) Yun: "Just walked to the Papaya Mountain near Changde, he said: 'The guest's heart is sour, and the situation is against the Papaya Mountain。The taste of papaya is sour, but his heart is more sour!"Moreover, when Li Bai was exiled from Hunan to Guizhou, he not only wrote "Looking at Papaya Mountain", but also "Yuanxiang has Huaishan Mountain in Spring" cloud: "Yuanxiang spring also, the wind is warm tobacco green。The heart of the old is broken here。Not to Huai Shaker, but the beauty of the diamond。Wish to return to Dongshan, your heart in this enough。"This poem wrote" sad "" broken heart" mood and hope papaya mountain sour mood is consistent, but he will not learn Qu Yuan into the river, but to enjoy the beauty of nature, willing to retreat "Dongshan"。Zhang Chuanxi's book Selected Poems of Changde in the Past Dynasties (China Literary Association Press, 1st edition, January 2003) considers this poem to be a five-character ancient poem written by Li Bai when he exiled Yelang in the spring of the second year of Qianyuan (759)。
Where the hell is Papaya Mountain The last section discusses papaya mountain in Changde, so where is it specific？To clarify this problem, it is more sufficient to confirm that Li Bai's poem "Wangpapaya Mountain" is actually from Changde。 Ming "Jiajing Yituanzhi" said: "Papaya mountain in Changde Fucheng east seven miles。Qing Jiaqing "Changde Fu Annals" also said: "Papaya mountain, 15 miles east of the fu"。Say seven miles, say 15 miles, which is right and which is wrong？Ruan Xian's "Li Bai and He Shaoji's Trip to Papaya Mountain" speculated: From today's geographical environment, there are no mountains in the seven miles east of Changde City。And Qing Jiaqing "Changde Fu Annals" from the local hands, distance after all clear, said papaya mountain in the "15 miles of the east" should have no problem。Moreover, the Annals of Changde Prefecture in Qing Jiaqing said: "Shande Mountain, 15 miles east of the prefecture, formerly known as Mount Yin, a Shan Scroll Mountain, a Shan De Shan.。Therefore, it is speculated that papaya Mountain may be in the current Deshan Gufengling area, from the papaya mountain down, is papaya Temple。This temple may have been the predecessor of the later Ganming Temple。 Ming Dynasty "Jiajing Yituanzhi" is the earliest record of papaya mountain in Changde Prefecture seven Li historical materials，And Qing Jiaqing "Changdefu Annals" also recorded: "Papaya Temple，Seven miles to the east of the prefecture"，所以，From the historical point of view，The record of the so-called papaya mountain in the "fifteen miles of the east of the house" is not reliable，当然，The assumption that papaya Mountain is in Tokusan cannot be established。So, if it is determined that papaya mountain is in the east seven, some people will ask, there is no mountain in the east seven？In fact, this is from the point of view of today's geographical environment, in history, there are mountains in the seven miles of the east。 According to the "Changde City Wuling District Street (Township) Brief record" (Hunan Map Publishing House, December 2017 1st edition) records: Along the Dongjiang Street Xin 'an Road to the north, there is a greenhouse to provide vegetables for the public, which is the legendary papaya Mountain。It used to be a hill 20 meters high。Surrounded by ancient towering trees, lake and river tie knot, Songtao willows, quiet and elegant。On the hill is a papaya Temple built during the Yuan Dynasty。It is one of the famous ancient temples in Changde Prefecture, with the Gan Ming Temple in Deshan and the Da Shan Temple in the city。In the early years of the Republic of China, Papaya Temple is magnificent and majestic, and Yongan Township Central Primary School is located in the temple。The temple was burned down when the Japanese invaded Changde in 1943。In 1964, during the construction of irrigation and water conservancy, Papaya Mountain was razed to the ground。Not far south of it, there is a "candle shop" for Papaya Temple supporting services, selling incense candles and firecrackers, which is a place for pilgrims to incense, eat and rest before entering the temple to worship Buddha。 Why did Li Bai come here？The author investigated it from the map and the site。Papaya Mountain is adjacent to the south bank of Liuye Lake, and there is still a small river near it connecting the Yuanjiang River and Liuye Lake。It was very convenient for Li Bai to come from Dongting Lake and Liuye Lake, stay at Papaya Temple, and then go to Yuanjiang。There is indeed a place called "Candle Shop" in the middle of Xin 'an Road。Moreover, next to this river is a "Libaixi Village" named in memory of Li Bai's visit to Wuling during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty.。In front of the teaching building of Li Baixi Primary School, there stands a white marble statue of Li Bai。On the left side of the school gate stands a stone tablet titled "The Story of Li Baixi"。The text in the monument first introduces the story of Li Bai seeing the old woman "iron pestling and grinding needle" by the stream when he was a child, and then says: "Li Bai, exiled Yilang through Dongting, tracing the Yuanjiang River, along the stream to Changde Ludi Mountain area, through our stream, he recalled the story of his childhood to his local colleagues, and was filled with emotion.。In order to commemorate Li Bai, the people of Ludishan named the stream Libai River。Perhaps this is just a legend, but there must be its origin, the details can not be explored, but the historical facts can be found。 When I visited the site, I thought, more than a thousand years ago, Li Bai to the papaya Mountain, I did not think that it was so close to us, one or twenty minutes by car。When we read the poem "Looking at Papaya Mountain", we will naturally have a more intimate perception of its historical background and real scenes。
The author is Xiao Dehua, retired cadre, corresponding address: Zhijin Garden, Langzhou North Road, Wuling District, Changde City, Hunan Province
