Hunan Xiao Dehua Ancient Chinese literature has a tradition of expressing medical content。There are 41 kinds of drug names quoted in the Book of Songs.Qu Yuan's "Li SAO" also describes a large number of aromatic Chinese medicine, such as: Angelica, mulan, Mang, mushroom and so on。Many scholars and doctors have embedded the culture and health concept of traditional Chinese medicine into their poems，Chant medicine，Explain the way of health;Point out medical problems，Praise apricot altar celebrity;A combination of drug names，The implication is interesting，So that traditional Chinese medicine culture and classical poetry culture through thousands of years of mutual infiltration and integration，Together, it has become an important part of the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture and the healthy and progressive national spirit。 Liu Yuxi inherited this tradition, and there are many medical knowledge and cultural contents in his poems。For example: "Chuzhou Kaiyuan Temple North courtyard Wolfberry luxuriant in the well considerable group of sages Fu poetry to follow and" : monk room medicine tree according to the cold well, well fragrant spring tree has spirit。 Cuidai leaves cage stone 甃, red son cooked according to copper bottle。 The branch is a fairy staff, the root of the old new braid dog shape。 Top-quality function nectar taste, but also know a spoonful can be extended。 This poem is the second year of Baoli (826) winter, Liu Yuxi and the state governor, the road met Bai Juyi and through Chuzhou to see the Wolfberry well, and with the group of sages to write poems to follow and work。According to legend, there is a well in the Kaiyuan Temple of Runzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many wolfberry trees near the well, which are one or two long and have strong roots。People in the temple drink from this well, and their face is ruddy, until they are 80 years old, their head is not white, and their teeth are not lost。According to the Taoist classic "Xuxian Zhuan", there was a man named Zhu Ruzi who began to cultivate Taoism in his childhood。One day, he saw two dogs by the stream, thought it was very strange, and went to chase them, but the two dogs ran to the wolfberry tree and disappeared。So, he dug up the soil, found that the wolfberry root and flower dog is very similar, he cooked the wolfberry root and ate it, and soon after unexpectedly ascended to heaven to become immortal。Liu Yuxi borrowed these two allusions, intended to render the efficacy of wolfberry, "Top quality function of manna taste, but also know a spoonful of age can be extended.。"In Chinese medicine, wolfberry is the top quality medicine, tonifying kidney and essence, nourishing liver and mingling eyes, tonifying blood and sedative, Shengjin thirst, moistening lung cough, Taoist respected as the" immortal medicine "to prolong life.。 In his later years, Liu Yuxi sang most with Bai Juyi。On one occasion, Bai Juyi wrote an ode to the old poem to Liu Yuxi: "And you are old, ask yourself how old.？The eyes are astringent, the head is languid and not combed。Sometimes I go out with my staff and spend all my days behind closed doors。Lazy according to the new grinding mirror, Hugh read small print book。Love the old man heavy, trace total juvenile sparse。There is only gossip, but there is still time to meet。"Showing an old age。Liu Yuxi with "reward happy days Yong old see" reply: people who do not want to old, old who pity。 Body thin band frequent reduction, thin hair crown self-deviation。 Waste books cherish the eyes, more moxibustion for years。 Things also know things, reading people like reading rivers。 Fine thoughts are lucky, here is a natural。 Mo Sangyu late, for the clouds are still full of sky。 Liu Yuxi acknowledged the natural law of old people, advocated more health care and maintenance, and looked at it more widely, thinking that we were much luckier than the courtier who was deposed and punished in the "Niu Li Party struggle" and "the change of nectar" in the Wenzong Dynasty。Concluding sentence "Mo Sangyu late, for the xia is still full of heaven", but also open-minded optimistic, sung through the ages。 The valuable point of Liu Yuxi's study of medicine is to find the method to follow, to become the work of health, and to avoid being addicted to immortality because of nonsense。To eat the elixir of life, as it has been since ancient times。The Qin emperor, the Han Dynasty, and the military all fell under its spell。The Tang Dynasty respected Taoist Buddhism, literati and scholars often went out of Buddha into the old, alchemy and stone, and each was killed by the disaster of stone。Scholars of Liu Yuxi's time, such as Han Yu, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan, etc., fell into it deeply or shallow。Although Liu Yuxi was also good to Buddhas and had more contacts with monks, he only sought spiritual comfort and did not believe in the so-called immortality。 In his poem "You Taoyuan One hundred rhyming", he described the Taoist legend, the story of Qu Tong becoming immortal, but it was to imitate the immortal, and also the heart, hoping for the mountains and forests, and getting rid of the dust, and actually yearns for "buying the mountain structure, leading the disciples to open the lecture.。I hope there is no external worry, from the leisure benefit。"Long life is still learning, a waste of supply？"Green bag both deep taste, Qiongba also repeatedly pick", learn the forest feather guest transcendental retreat health, but not become immortal, immortal。When Liu Yuxi sang with Bai Juyi in his later years, he was enlightened in his poems on the matter of taking bait medicine in order to live forever。For example: "I do not know how long to become a Buddha.？"(" Lotte Shaofu in May Chang Zhai, wide Yanzi disciples declined to sit on the eyes of friends to ask"), and in "sitting idle to ask the poem of the wine ripe" said: desk open a collection, elbow after inspection green bag。Only reach physiology, should have no cure old prescription。Reduce the book to save the vision, the heart king。When the wine is ripe, bring into the drunken。 He advised Bai Juyi to read more medical books, pay attention to medicine and health, adjust physiology, and do not believe in "treating the old".。Bai Juyi's own alchemy technology is not high, often "burning medicine is not, life wine alone drunk", so a blessing in disguise。Among Han Yu, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi was the only one who died at the age of 74。 Literati have been writing for years and suffer from eye diseases。Liu Yuxi also had eye disease, he in the "gift eye doctor Brahmin monk" poem way: three autumn injury look far, all day long cry road poor。Two eyes now dark, middle-aged like old man。See Zhu gradually into green, shame day can not help but wind。Division has the golden grate, how to be blind？ The Brahmin monks were Indian monks, indicating that medical exchanges between China and foreign countries were quite common at that time。Since the opening of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty, some foreign medicinal materials were introduced from India, Persia, Arabia and the Western regions, such as ambergris, abthuria ginseng, Persian date, Haril, etc。Among them, he had treated Liu Yuxi's red and white dysentery (" Chuanxin Fang ").。In the Tang Dynasty, the exchanges of the Silk Road reached a flourishing period, and the first medical monograph of foreign drugs, Hu Bencao, appeared.。The book "Messenger Fang" edited by Liu Woo-suk was also spread to foreign countries such as Japan and Korea。The most popular at the time were ancient Indian ophthalmologists。Nagarjuna, known as the "second generation Shakya" in the history of Indian Buddhism, is called "Nagarjuna Bodhisattva" because of his excellent medical skills.。People of Sui and Tang Dynasties once wrote a book on ophthalmology called "Nagarjuna" under the name of "Nagarjuna Bodhisattva"。Indian doctors are skilled in surgical procedures, of which the golden grate (removing cataracts with a gold needle) is the best known。The Brahmin monk mentioned in Liu Yuxi's poem may have been an ophthalmologist who mastered the golden grate。Bai Juyi also mentioned this ophthalmic technology in his poem "Dark Eyes" : "The case is spread on the dragon tree theory, the box is empty twist cassiac pills.。Human prescription should be useless, try to scrape the gold grate。At the time, foreign doctors were also able to treat unexplained blindness with craniotomy。The biography of the New Book of Tang Dynasty (梻菻) says: "A good doctor can open the brain to cause poison and eye cataracts。Therefore, Luo Guanzhong, the author of the Romance of The Three Kingdoms, described that Hua Tuo used craniotomy to cure Cao Cao's headache, which is not an unfounded myth。However, Cao Cao, who did not know the art of medicine, thought that he had murdered him and killed Hua Tuo, causing the precious art of Hua Tuo's medicine to be lost to the world。Liu Yuxi denounced and reflected on this kind of mutilation of talents in Huatuo Theory。He said that after Cao Cao killed Hua Tuo, "when Cangshu (Cao Cao's beloved son) fell ill and died, he could not live when he saw the doctor, he began to regret it."。He also said, "Since Cao Wei, I have observed that those who cling to the handle of death and life have used a single act to kill the material.。"I hope" the previous matter will not be forgotten, and there will be advice and punishment。Liu Yuxi said in "Answer state Xue Langzhong on Fang Shu" : "Often think of the world in a flat do not read one side, illness is put in the hands of a mediocre man, as very dangerous, and said unfortunate, is really unfortunate evil.？Even when he was young, he laughed at the doctor, thinking that he was not in a hurry, and said, "Eat well, medicine is like me!"The spirit I had accepted came from time to time, and when I prayed to God and sycophant Buddha, I reconciled myself。The general idea is, often think that some people in the world usually do not learn a little prescription, when the disease comes, they spend a lot of money in the hands of quacks, and when the disease is very serious, they say that they are unfortunate, difficult to really unfortunate？What is more, taking advantage of his youth and strength, he laughed at others talking about medicine, thinking that it was not urgent, and declared: "Just eat and drink well, and the prescription has no effect on me!"Because of this understanding, people are afraid of getting sick and are willing to pray to God and Buddha instead of seeking medicine。Liu Yuxi further put forward: "All things can not be, that is born not raised, its false!""The rate to eliminate the disease in the will be the first, and attack treatment after" health disease prevention thought。Here he criticizes the theory of destiny, the theory of inaction, from the medical field。 Liu Yuxi attaches great importance to the influence of spiritual effect on human health, which is closely related to his philosophical thought of "Heaven and man win each other"。"Heaven" cloud: "Heaven, the visible great also。People, animals especially also。What God can do, man cannot do。As much as man can, God can't。So I said: Heaven and man are in harmony with each other。"The Almighty of Heaven begets all things;The power of man governs all things。He believes that human beings are "the most intelligent" among animals, "born by Qi", and can not be left to fate, nor can they do nothing, but to play the active role of "governing all things.。Therefore, he "thought that a gentleman could not rest from the qi of dry Yang Jianxing" (" Answer State Xue Langzhong on Fang Shu ")。 In order to explain this problem, we will make a comparative analysis of the reasons for the longevity of Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan。Liu Woo-xi and Liu Zongyuan are close friends, Liu Woo-xi is one year older than Liu Zongyuan, but Liu Woo-xi lived to 71 years old, Liu Zongyuan only lived to 47 years old, a difference of 24 years。Their experiences as young adults are very similar。Together in the first scholar, together to participate in the "eternal Zhen reform", together to denigrate the distant state of the Sima (Liu in Langzhou, now Changde City, Hunan Province;Liu Zai Yongzhou, now Yongzhou City, Hunan Province)。Ten years later, they returned to the capital Chang 'an together, and together they again denigrate the princes of the far state (Liu was in Lianzhou, now Lianzhou County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province;Liu Zai in Liuzhou, today's Liuzhou City, Hunan Province)。So why did Liu Zongyuan die young？My analysis, the main reasons are as follows: First, due to political persecution, was banished to the southern states, mental depression, life, soil and water are not used to。Liu Zongyuan grew up in the north and spent a short time with his father in the south as a teenager。Liu Yuxi was born in the south and has been in the South since his youth, so he has to adapt to southern life than Liu Zongyuan。 Second, the death of relatives has a great psychological blow to Liu Zongyuan。When Liu Zongyuan was 27 years old, his wife Yang died。At the age of 30, his sister died。Shortly after arriving in Yongzhou, his mother Lu died of illness, and he was very sad that he had dragged down his family。Four years apart, his 10-year-old daughter also died。It can be imagined that this succession of spiritual destruction, how can people!At the age of 41, Liu Yuxi's wife Xue died in Langzhou, and at the age of 48, his mother Lu died in Lianzhou, but not as early as Liu Zongyuan's relatives died。 Third, Liu Zongyuan is more diligent than Liu Yuxi in writing。Take the ten years when they were Sima for example, Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 400 poems, mostly articles;Liu Yuxi wrote only about 200 poems, most of which were poems。Liu Yuxi appears to be more cheerful and lively than Liu Zongyuan character, he is good at traveling, playing chess, calligraphy, music can do everything。Liu Zongyuan sat reading and writing for a long time, which naturally had bad effects on his body。 Fourthly, Liu Yuxi began to study medicine early and learned it well。After Liu Zongyuan arrived in Yongzhou, he was forced to learn medicine because of illness, and he was not very good at it。Once sick, was actually the medicine business old taro as tuckahoe and cheated。He was very angry at that time, and once complained about it in the book "Distinguishing the Writings of God and Preface"。 Looking at the above reasons, spiritual factors should be the main one。This can also be reflected in the different emotions and moods reflected in Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan's poems。Liu Yuxi's resolute and bold character is expressed in words, and has a clank of spirit: "The world is a drama of crumbling waves, and my heart is a pillar of strength.。(" Two songs ") "Since ancient times every autumn sad lonely, I say autumn wins the spring dynasty。A crane on the clear sky, will lead the poem to the blue sky。(" Autumn Ci two first ") "On the long bridge tomorrow, the city looks at cutting Jiao。(" Strong Man Line "), so that Bai Juyi called it "poetry hao", and praised its profound poetry Feng。Although Liu Zongyuan also had "claw hair kiss blood hundred birds gone, independent look around excited.。"(" Cage Eagle Words") angry sentences, but the tone of his poem is still relatively sad。For example: "Leaning on the column then to Dan, what will be lonely.。(" In the middle of the night, look at the West Garden value on the moon ") "Thousands of birds fly away, thousands of tracks disappear。A straw-cloaked man in a boat fishing for snow。(" River Snow "), as if there is a lonely, cold gas to us。
Author: Xiao Dehua, retired cadre, member of Changde Poetry Society and Hunan Poetry Association Correspondence address: Zhijin Garden, Wuling District, Changde City, Hunan Province
